This is Scientific American's 60 Second Science.

I'm Josh Fishman.

Got a minute?

In last week's pre-Christmas rush, the U.S. Congress slammed together the $1 trillion

federal budget bill for 2015 just before funds

ran out, but the bill wasn't all about the money.

Congress took advantage of the fiscal scramble to change rules about the environment and energy, which do not belong in

appropriation bills. Normally, such changes are encoded in what are called laws and are

debated out in the open. But the Budget Bill is a chance for Congress to slip in

controversial rules called riders without much debate. If members object, the bill stalls

and the government shuts down and no one wants to be blamed for that fiasco

so the riders gallop in the environmental protection agency got its budget for instance

but with strings attached although agriculture is a major source of

atmospheric methane, the EPA now is prohibited from using its money to require farmers to report

greenhouse gas emissions, and the agency cannot regulate farm ponds and

irrigation ditches under the Clean Water Act.

In another example, the Department of Agriculture must speed up permits for companies making genetically modified organisms,

and the feds must loan money to firms to build coal-fired power plants overseas.

That requirement reverses a previous ban.

These rules and others last through September 2015 when this budget bill runs out.

And then if history is any guide, the whole stealth legislation process will start all over again.

Thanks for the minute.

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