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This is Scientific American 60 Second Science.

I'm Suzanne Bard. Anyone who's tried to learn a new language as an adult knows how hard it can be.

And usually, the ability to comprehend someone else comes before the capacity for speaking the new tongue.

When you're listening, you can kind of gloss over the details.

So you may not need to understand every single syllable, every single word perfectly.

Cognitive neuroscientist Shepra Gurinandan of the Basque Center on Cognition, Brain and Language.

But actually speaking a new language fluently takes much more work.

Adults are not quite able to reproduce or really hear foreign language. but actually speaking a new language fluently takes much more work.

Adults are not quite able to reproduce or hear foreign sounds.

Gurinandan suspected that as we learn, the relative ease of comprehension might be explained by changes in the area of the brain that processes language.

It's been known since the 1800s that for most people, the left

hemisphere of the brain is essential for language. However, in more recent times, we've started

to realize that it's not quite that simple. For example, when people suffer brain injuries

to the left hemisphere, the right hemisphere can take over language tasks. That flexibility

suggests that language is not the exclusive domain of the left hemisphere. To find out if the two sides

of the brain process comprehension and speech differently during language learning, Gurinanda

...