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BBC Inside Science

Bird and dinosaur skull evolution; the wonders of yeast and Science Museum mystery object

BBC Inside Science

BBC

Technology, Science

4.51.3K Ratings

🗓️ 3 September 2020

⏱️ 29 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

Skulls give researchers a great deal of insight into how an animal might have evolved, and skulls can be sensibly compared between species and groups of animals. The 10,000 species of bird around the world are what’s left of an even more diverse group, the dinosaurs. But research on their skulls has revealed that despite the birds’ exceptional diversity, they evolve far more slowly than their dinosaur relatives ever did. This is one of the findings of a huge skull mapping project at the Natural History Museum led by Anjali Goswami. Marnie Chesterton delights Adam Rutherford with what she has recently learned about the single-celled fungus that is yeast. She recently visited the National Collection of Yeast Cultures in Norwich, which stores hundreds of thousands of strains of yeast. She discovered that yeast is not only responsible for the production and subtle flavours of bread, yeast and chocolate, but also that some species of yeast can actually clean carbon dioxide from the air and can be used to feed livestock. The Science Museum Group looks after over 7.3 million items. As with most museums, the objects you see on display when you visit is only the tip of the iceberg of the entire collection. Up until now, many of the remainder (300,000 objects) has been stored in Blythe House in London. But now the collection is being moved to a purpose-built warehouse in Wiltshire. The move is a perfect opportunity for curators to see what’s there, re-catalogue long hidden gems and to conserve and care for their treasures. But during the process they have discovered a number of unidentified items that have been mislabelled or not catalogued properly in the past and some of them are just so mysterious, or esoteric, that the Science Museum needs the aid of the public to help identify them, and their uses. This week, Jessica Bradford, the keeper of collection engagement at the Science Museum is asking Inside Science listeners if they recognise, or can shed light on the possible use of the ‘glassware’ in the picture above. Send suggestions to Email: [email protected] or [email protected] Presenter – Adam Rutherford Producers – Fiona Roberts & Rory Galloway

Transcript

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0:00.0

You're about to listen to a BBC podcast and trust me you'll get there in a moment but if you're a comedy fan

0:05.2

I'd really like to tell you a bit about what we do. I'm Julie Mackenzie and I commission comedy

0:10.2

podcast at the BBC. It's a bit of a dream job really.

0:13.0

Comedy is a fantastic joyous thing to do because really you're making people laugh,

0:18.0

making people's days a bit better, helping them process, all manner of things.

0:22.0

But you know I also know that comedy is really

0:24.4

subjective and everyone has different tastes so we've got a huge range of comedy on offer

0:29.6

from satire to silly shocking to soothing profound to just general pratting about. So if you

0:36.2

fancy a laugh, find your next comedy at BBC Sounds.

0:41.0

BBC Sounds, music radio podcasts.

0:46.2

Hello you, this is the podcast of Inside Science

0:49.0

from BBC Radio 4, first broadcast

0:51.0

on the 3rd of September 2020. I'm Adam Rutherford and where the

0:54.2

hell did the year go? Today we celebrate the unsung hero of lockdown for all you

0:58.7

bakers out there. In fact the unsung hero of biology, of bread, of beer, the mighty tiny fungus sacramisies cerevisi,

1:08.4

better known as yeast.

1:10.6

And we're getting back to the Science Museum for more mystery objects.

1:13.4

You've been helping us identify strange and unknown contraptions from their bountiful archives.

1:18.8

This week a fancy glass thing and we've got absolutely no idea what it is at all. But first it's now pretty well

1:26.3

established and we think pretty well known that birds are the living descendants of the

1:30.8

dinosaurs every chicken you eat every robin in your garden,

1:34.1

they're dinosaurs. There are something like 10,000 species of birds around the world,

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