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This is Scientific Americans' 60-second Science. I'm Jason Goldman.

In the early 19th century, the fur industry reached what was then known as the Oregon Territories.

Lewis and Clark found massive numbers of Pacific salmon and steelhead trout there,

swimming among the beaver dams scattered across the Columbia River Basin.

But in an effort to starve

American interests, Canada's Hudson's Bay Company tried to create a fur desert by killing off as many

fur-bearing animals as they could. As a result, beavers had all but disappeared from the area by the year

in 1900, and once the beavers and their dams were gone, fish populations dropped.

Today, steelhead trout numbers in the region continue to fall, but scientists and government

agencies are working to restore their habitats.

We're looking for a restoration approach in these areas to recover ESA-listed species,

but they really don't know what works and what doesn't.

Nick Bowis of the Environmental Consulting firm Ecological Research and Utah ESA listed species, but we really don't know what works and what doesn't.

Nick Bowis of the Environmental Consulting Firm Ecological Research at Utah State University.

He says that the U.S. spends a billion dollars each year to restore watersheds,

but without any real empirical information to guide those efforts.

So Bowes and his team tested the idea that by helping beavers, they could help the fish. Dams naturally alter the flow of streams, providing fish with a variety of suitable

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