Basic Genetics

The Zero to Finals Medical Revision Podcast

Thomas Watchman

Life Sciences, Education, Medical Finals, Medicine, Surgery, Health & Fitness, Paediatrics, Medical Student, Medical Education, Medical Exams, Medical School, Medical Revision, Science, Learn Medicine, Finals Revision, Obstetrics And Gynaecology

4.8 • 678 Ratings

🗓️ 19 October 2020

⏱️ 5 minutes

🔗️ Recording | iTunes | RSS

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Summary

This episode covers the basics of genetics. Written notes can be found at https://zerotofinals.com/paediatrics/genetics/basics/ or in the genetics section in the Zero to Finals paediatrics book. The audio in the episode was expertly edited by Harry Watchman.

Transcript

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0:00.0	Hello and welcome to the Zero to Finals podcast. My name is Tom and in this episode I'm going to be talking to you about basic genetics.
0:10.9	If you want to follow along with written notes on this topic, you can follow along at zero definals.com
0:15.8	or in the genetic conditions section of the Zero to Fin finals pediatrics book. So let's get straight
0:22.3	into it. The genetic code for every feature of a human is contained within the nucleus of every
0:28.8	cell in the body. The genetic code is contained within a long string of nucleotides on a molecule
0:36.2	called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.
0:41.0	Each gene is the result of a string of DNA that contains the instructions for how to form
0:46.5	a specific protein. These proteins are responsible for how our body functions.
0:53.5	DNA coding for hundreds to thousands of genes
0:56.5	are bundled into individual chromosomes. Chromosones are single molecules of DNA. Chromosones
1:04.2	come in pairs. Therefore, each human has two copies of each gene, one on each chromosome in a pair.
1:13.3	One chromosome in each pair comes from each parent.
1:17.3	We have 23 chromosome pairs and 46 chromosomes in total.
1:23.1	One of the pairs of chromosomes are the sex chromosomes.
1:27.3	The sex chromosomes are the X chromosome and the Y chromosome.
1:32.3	Males have an X and a Y chromosome and females have two X chromosomes.
1:39.3	The other 44 chromosomes are called autosomes, and they are the non-sex chromosomes.
1:47.0	A person's genotype refers to the genes that they have.
1:52.0	For example, they have the gene that codes for brown eyes.
1:57.0	A person's phenotype refers to the physical expression of the genes that they have.
2:03.1	For example, the person has brown eyes.
2:07.8	Let's talk about inheritance.
	...

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