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Sign up for your $1 a month trial at Shopify.com slash setup. Welcome to The Bunker, News Without the Nonsense. I'm Alex von Tundselman.

When we talk about Europe, what do we mean? Are we discussing a geographical place, a political union, a shared history, or even a shared culture.

Throughout its history, Europe has constantly been defined and redefined by its people,

and it's also been buffeted by forces from outside as well as in.

That's in sharp relief today, with the Russian invasion of Ukraine entering its fourth year

and the United States proving an inconstant

over Greenland, possibly even a belligerent. From some viewpoints, Europe might seem to be in

crisis. From others, it's more closely unified than at many points in history, with close, political,

diplomatic, military and economic cooperation between much of the continent.

Any alliance can fall apart, but sometimes under pressure they become much stronger.

The last year has given a boost to Vladimir Putin's favoured concept of how the world should work. The United States, Russia and China, each exercising authority in its separate sphere.

That would carve Europe up again into eastern west, similar to its division during the Cold War.

But there are signs Europe is fighting back and coming to understand what it needs to do to remain independent and free.

So do we need to think again about what Europe means and what we have historically got

wrong about it? To discuss these questions and more, I'm joined by Professor Sir Roderick Beaton,

author of Europe, A New History. Roderick, thank you so much for joining me on The Bunker.

Well, thank you for having me. It's a great pleasure. Well, let's start, you know,

...