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It excludes vehicles and business sellers.

Hello, and thank you for joining the American Revolution. This week, episode 360,

the Judiciary Act of 1789. Last week, we covered the establishment of the executive branch

with the appointments of secretaries of war, state, and Treasury, as well as an Attorney General.

This week, we take a look at the establishment of the federal court system.

The first bill introduced in the new U.S. Senate was the Judiciary Act.

The Constitution had given relatively little details on what the court system should look like.

One reason for the vagueness was that

the convention delegates did not seem to agree and figured it would be better to leave that debate

up to the legislature. Well, now it was the legislature that had to fill in those details.

The Judiciary Act became Senate Bill No. 1, and was introduced on April 7, 1789, the second day that the

Senate had finally gotten its quorum to begin business. The first day had been taken up with confirming

the Electoral College vote for George Washington and electing its officers, including Senator John

Langdon of New Hampshire,

who became the first president pro tempore of the Senate.

It was important to get the courts up and running,

but drafting the details of the bill would take time.

The Senate referred the bill to committee for consideration.

It included one member from each state. Now, there were only

eight states represented in the Senate at the time, so the initial committee had only eight members,

including Oliver Ellsworth of Connecticut, William Patterson of New Jersey, William McLeigh of

...