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This is Scientific American's 60-second science. I'm Christopher in Taliatta.

Summertime in India can be unbearably hot.

And the first thing you want, get me some clouds.

That they cool now.

Sudeep Chakraborti grew up there in Kolkata,

where he developed a childhood fascination with clouds.

And in like three or four months, during months on time, it's like, you know, rain, rain, all rain.

But I like the clouds, their rain, their strength they have, their importance.

It's something like I love them, you know.

His love of water vapor led him to study clouds as a climate scientist at UC Davis.

Clouds, he says, are built of tiny aerosol particles of dust or pollution from fossil fuel

burning that suck up water vapor.

Now, this cloud particle with time, they combine with each other and become big.

And when they become big, due to gravity, they fall out and we call it a rain.

Chakabortese studied that process in large thunderstorm systems over the tropics,

using data from geostationary and circumpolar satellites. And he found that when more aerosols

seed the air, like in places with lots of industrial or agricultural pollution, the same amount of water vapor gets absorbed by a larger number of aerosols,

...