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This is Scientific Americans' 60-second science. I'm Erica Barris. Got a minute?

Southern blacks who migrated north during the Jim Crow era may have avoided some social ills and done better financially than their counterparts who stayed behind. But they were also more likely to die sooner. That's according to a study in the journal American Economic Review.

In what historians call the Great Migration, some 6 million blacks moved from the rural

south to largely urban parts of the north and west.

The period is considered to extend from 1910 to 1970.

For the study, researchers looked at social security

records of one million of the migrants born between 1916 and 1932 in eight states in the

deep south. They found that if a black man lived to age 65 and remains in the south,

his chances of reaching 70 were 82.5%. If he migrated, those

chances went down to 75%. For black women who lived to 65, there was a likelihood of 90%

that she would live to 70 if she remains in the South. If she had migrated, the odds of an additional

five years of survival

fell to 85%. The reasons for the decreased longevity in the North remain unproven, but records

show that migrants died at higher rates from cirrhosis and pulmonary illnesses, which are linked to

drinking and smoking. The new northerners may also have been

affected by industrial pollution, cold weather, and the contagious diseases that tend to

accompany urban population density. Thanks for the minute. For Scientific American's

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