Against Everyone with Connor Abeeb is a weekly podcast featuring my conversations with countercultural figures and presenting complex, philosophical, spiritual, and political ideas in an engaging and accessible way.

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patreon.com forward slash Connor Habib today. So this episode is a very special one for me and probably the most personal

in a way. It is with biologists and geoscientist Lynn Margulies who died this week seven years ago

on November 22nd. This is, I believe, the last recorded conversation with her.

Lynn was my main intellectual mentor in life.

She was my friend.

She was like my second mother.

Lynn made a lot of really groundbreaking scientific discoveries.

She's best known for proving and

popularizing that organisms and cells that have nuclei and organelles in those

cells have symbiotic origins. In other words, that they originate from

symbiosis between bacteria and other organisms. She also discovered with James

Lovelock that the Earth regulates itself quite a bit like an

organism, but is not just an organism, particularly through the interactions of bacteria and the

non-living aspects of the environment. This is called the Gaia theory or biogeochemistry.

She created a whole new theory of evolution, of which

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