What a year of conflict in Ukraine has shown us about the state of cyber warfare.

From American public media, this is Marketplace Tech, I'm Megan McCarty-Korino.

When Russia invaded Ukraine a year ago today, many security experts braced for what they

expected to be an unprecedented escalation in cyber warfare, in addition to the physical

military assault.

For years before the large-scale invasion, Ukraine was hit by massive cyber attacks,

the disrupted financial systems, transportation, energy, and politics.

Disruptions that were only expected to intensify.

But things haven't exactly played out that way, says Adam Myers, chief of intelligence

at the cybersecurity firm CrowdStrike.

We've seen a number of destructive, disruptive attacks that have occurred targeting Ukraine

that have largely been in concert with kinetic operations at initiatives.

So for example, at one point the Russians had been actively targeting the media, television

and radio inside of Ukraine.

And when they were doing that with cruise missiles, they also were conducting wiper attacks

against those targets.

It's a destructive attack where the goal is to overwrite system data, files, and make

them unrecoverable.

So they've been largely constraining their cyber operations to more tactical activity.

The reason that they didn't conduct widespread disruptive attacks as the campaign was kicking

off was because they anticipated needing all that infrastructure to prop up that new

government.

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