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This is fresh air. I'm Terry Gross. Our guest today is the Syrian photojournalist, Lubna Marai.

She first joined the Syrian Revolution as an act of rebellion against her father.

Before we meet her, it's my pleasure to introduce our guest interviewer, Arthur Shahani.

She's a former NPR tech reporter. You may have also heard her

interviews on her podcast, Art of Power, or read her migrant memoir, which is about fighting

ice to protect her father. It's called Here We Are. Now that I've introduced Arthy,

here she is with Lubna Marai. 15 years ago, the country Syria joined the Arab Spring.

Lubna Marai became part of this movement, first as a casual protester, and over time as a photojournalist

who documented the attacks and killings that the government claimed never happened.

She was unlike the majority of protesters in a key way.

She is Alawite, the religious minority, that rule to the country.

Lubna didn't consider herself political at first, but she did deeply resent her father.

He came from a poor Alawite family and made his money by allegedly being an assassin

for the father of Bashar al-Assad. When daughter defied father, he punished her for it horrifically.

The Syrian civil war lasted far longer than Lubna Marei ever expected. The estimated death toll is more than

650,000. Another 100,000 people have been forcibly disappeared. And more than 13 million Syrians

remain displaced. Syria had 22 million people at the start of the Civil War, so that's more

than half of the population.

Lubnamarai's new book is called Defiance, a memoir of awakening, rebellion, and survival in Syria.

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