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On the other hand, having left his army, abandoned his army, is in despair, what the Romans called melancholy.

And Professor, I love the senior percent of Anthony building a little shelter on a jetty and acting depressed and despairing.

Was that artful on his part or genuine? Can we tell?

We can't tell. I mean, the sources say that he really was depressed and perhaps he was.

But I could also imagine that this was an act of cunning on his part to make people underestimate him, because it's always useful for leaders to be underestimating to have a little fly under the radar.

I don't think that Anthony had quite given up yet.

The Alexandria people, this is a powerful, sophisticated, extremely rich society,

are watching these two in the way they negotiate with themselves from their return in late 31 until Anthony is going to take up battle against Octavian.

What is Octavian doing in this period while Anthony and Cleopatra and Alexandria, he's taking a victory tour.

And what is his major concern, Octavian, having won an act in what does he want to present to his new empire?

Well, he's got two things to be concerned about. First of all, he wants to make sure that Anthony and Cleopatra are not able to rebuild their forces.

So he wants to make sure that all these kings that Anthony has put on thorns in the east are not going to be sending aid to Anthony and Cleopatra to let them know that it's hopeless.

Secondly, he's also concerned about the veterans who go back to Italy who are rioting because they want their rewards.

They want to be paid and they want land, but to do that Octavian needs to get the treasure from Egypt because he can't raise taxes anymore.

They've been taxed rights already in Italy. He actually has to go back to Italy at one point from the east and he's almost killed by the storm off the coast of Greece.

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