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🗓️ 5 May 2025
⏱️ 35 minutes
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The German ultimatum to Belgium had roused the Brussels government and rallied the nation, but other than this, much was still unclear by the early afternoon of this Bank Holiday Monday. News of Belgium's determination to resist took a surprisingly long time to arrive, but more than that, how long was Germany willing to wait? Had she already begun her invasion of Belgium? Was she already at war with France? Doubts reigned supreme over what would happen next, but one man in particular was in dire need of clarity.
British Foreign Secretary Sir Edward Grey was due to give his speech to the House of Commons imminently, but before he could, there was a lot of housekeeping to work through, to ensure that his transformative speech occurred in the best possible circumstances. At the very least, the Cabinet was no longer murmuring about a division, and those who decided to resign kept their choice quiet for now. Much would depend on the next few hours of this eventful day, but as had been the case so often by now, Berlin did much of Grey's work for him.
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0:04.6 | I saw and I looked at them. |
0:06.5 | I told myself, what's happening? |
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0:31.9 | In summer, 1914, the world went to war. |
0:36.9 | Now 110 years later, we go back to those figures, to those debates, to those questions, in the greatest failure in the history of diplomacy. I am Dr. Zach Twomley. You're listening to When Diplomacy Fails, and this is the July crisis. Things are now going their course. |
1:30.2 | I doubt whether in the end we shall not be dragged in. |
1:33.2 | We are making all preparations. |
1:35.0 | If we fail, it may be our turn next, |
1:37.5 | and if we are firm, we may bring things to a close. |
1:41.4 | Ficount Haldane writes to his wife, 3rd of August, 1914. |
1:50.0 | After weeks of division, indecision and secrecy, Monday the 3rd of August would finally be the day when Sir Edward Gray would reveal Britain's position to Parliament, and thus the world. |
2:02.2 | For the British people, the Bank Holiday weekend continued with unseasonably hot weather, |
2:07.0 | and there was no indication that critically important decisions had been made the day before. |
2:12.2 | Not even the newspapers had got word of the fact that the Cabinet had committed to intervention |
2:17.1 | if either the French coasts or Belgium were attacked. |
2:20.6 | However, these papers did discover the prevailing rumours. The Germans accused the French of engaging in hostile cross-border activities, while the French did the same. |
2:30.7 | And it's interesting to see how the conservative newspapers in particular |
2:34.5 | emphasized the French version of events as gospel. Identifying its pro-antant sympathies, |
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