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I'm John Bachelorette Henry Sikowski of the Non-Proliferation Policy Education Center.

We've been discussing allies of the United States seeking either nuclear power plants that have the credible predicate of constructing nuclear weapons,

or allies of the United States that have lots of nuclear power plants.

And at this point are not creating nuclear weapons, but have the potential at the same time to be involved in nuclear weapon technology under the umbrella of new alliances.

Now we turn to the whole matter of what was seen in 1945 after the one and only, well, two and only use of the nuclear weapon in anger in Japan.

Henry, the question of proliferation is the charge of the IAEA, the watchdog, which we have learned over these many weeks,

is not really up to speed on getting access in Ukraine or assuring anybody that it has clarity about its own mission.

That has been true for years in Iran, and we can anticipate the IAEA was not the answer that was hoped in 1945.

My question to you is, and we're keen on this movie Oppenheimer that's very popular right now, to revisit the question one more time.

In 1945 there was a vision among nuclear weapons scientists, engineers, that the world could be made safe from nuclear weapons with international agreements.

Is that ambition now shelved, or is that still available to many of the best thinking people on the planet? We have a couple of minutes.

I think the reality is that even the people who wanted international control of atomic energy in a very rigorous way,

where plants that are now in national hands would only be owned by international authorities, that there would be total nuclear weapons disarmament and inspectors everywhere.

That ship hasn't just say it's sunk, and it sunk because they couldn't get it established before the Russians exploded their weapon in 1949.

It was shelved, and then the thought was, well, if we share the good atom, the peaceful atom, the power reactor, and research atom,

maybe we can constrain the use of fizzle materials by doubling down on these peaceful applications, such that no one will get a very large stock pile of all be tied up in peaceful uses,

and then we'll create an international bank, and the IEA will be created, and it'll inspect.

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