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🗓️ 25 January 2024
⏱️ 28 minutes
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1956 Episode 1.5 examines the implications for the Soviet people, as Khrushchev’s speech is disseminated through the sprawling empire.
The questions which many citizens had were to be restricted and constrained by the specific parameters set down by the Soviet authorities. In short, as we’ll see in this episode, there was a fine line between debate and dissent. Pravda liked to distinguish between dissent and debate by presenting discussion of the secret speech in the spirit of party-mindedness, rather than a cynical or wholly critical perspective. As always, it was a matter for Khrushchev to determine the difference between debate and dissent, as he attempted to deal with the mess his speech had created.
We look at the example of the response given in Moscow’s Thermal Technical University, where three technicians gave their views and planned in grandly ambitious, optimistic ways, only to discover when they returned to work on Monday that their words and phrases had gone too far. Nobody could deny the central truths that they spoke, but everyone remained too afraid to actively challenge the post-Stalin order. This background of the social implications of the secret speech are important if we are to fully grasp what occurred in Poland – the first and most troubling dissenter in the Soviet camp...
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0:00.0 | Hello and welcome history friends, patrons all to 1956 episode 1.5. |
0:27.4 | Last time, Nikita Khrushchev had delivered his speech to a closed section of the 20th Party Congress |
0:33.7 | over the evening to early morning of 24th to 25th February, without apparently |
0:39.2 | thinking much of the consequences, Khrushchev had several motives for denouncing Stalin and |
0:44.0 | the cult of personality which he had spawned. In this episode, we delve into some of the |
0:48.7 | consequences which emerged from his speech. Last time we saw how the reactions of some citizens and of Georgians |
0:55.8 | in particular wasn't exactly what Khrushchev had wanted to see, but over the summer of 1956, |
1:01.8 | discontent and confusion over what the speech actually meant reigned supreme. These were the first |
1:08.1 | signs something was looming on a scale Moscow had never faced before. |
1:12.7 | The iron grip of the Soviet Union on its reluctant eastern satellites |
1:16.6 | was not yet being called into question, but grumbles and rumbles were rising, |
1:21.5 | and these were soon to escalate into a crisis far beyond anything which the first secretary could have imagined. |
1:29.2 | Let's take a look then, |
1:31.9 | as we resume 1956. |
1:42.8 | Comrade Stalin, the genius of our party, rallied the peoples of our country and led them to the triumph of socialism. |
1:49.8 | Stalin stood at the cradle of each Soviet Republic, protected it and paternally helped it to grow and flourish. |
1:54.0 | This is why all the peoples of our country, with extraordinary warmth and filial love, |
1:57.5 | called a great leader Stalin their dear father and genius teacher. |
2:02.0 | Today the peoples of the Great Soviet Union and all advanced progressive mankind wholeheartedly greet our dear Comrade Stalin, inspireer of the indissoluble friendship |
2:08.1 | of peoples, glory to our dear father, the genius leading the party, the Soviet people and the |
2:13.4 | working people of the whole world, Comrade Stalin. In such a way, did Nikita Khrushchev heap praise |
2:20.6 | upon Joseph Stalin upon the occasion of the latter's 70th birthday in December 1949. At this point, |
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