194 1919 - Turkey & Greece I

The History of the Twentieth Century

Mark Painter

History

4.8 • 719 Ratings

🗓️ 3 May 2020

⏱️ 39 minutes

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Summary

As Allied troops took up positions in Turkey, the Allies and the Ottoman government signed the Treaty of Sèvres, which imposed a harsh set of conditions. But nationalist Turks in the interior of Anatolia were not ready to give up the struggle.

Transcript

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0:00.0	In early 1919, Constantinople, the Ottoman capital, was not formally under Allied occupation.
0:29.9	Not yet. But it may as well have been. Allied military and diplomatic personnel thronged the capital, the Golden Horn, the estuary that had once harbored Ottoman ships that roamed the seas at will, was now packed tight with the dull gray of allied warships.
0:48.6	The Sultan, Mehmet the 6th, lamented the sight of them visible from his palace.
0:54.7	I can't look out the window. I hate to see them.
1:00.2	Mustafa Kemal, also in Constantinople, also saw the Allied fleet arrive,
1:06.3	but his reaction was far more confident.
1:09.7	Just as they have come, he said, so too shall they go.
1:16.6	Welcome to the history of the 20th century.
1:20.0	The 20th century.
1:22.1	Music Episode 100. Episode 194,
1:48.8	1999, Turkey and Greece, Part 1.
1:56.0	The mood in Constantinople in 1919 was somber.
2:02.4	Everyone had given up.
2:05.3	That Turkey would lose its Arab possessions was a given,
2:08.5	and it was an open secret that the Allies were discussing a partition of Anatolia, the Turkish heartland.
2:15.9	Pessimists feared the Allies would do to Turkey
2:18.5	what the Russians and Austrians and Germans
2:20.7	had done to Poland more than a century ago.
2:24.0	Partition it out of existence.
2:27.4	Optimists heeded the Wilsonian language of self-determination
2:30.7	and pinned their hopes on the emergence of a free
2:33.3	and independent Turkish state from the emergence of a free and independent Turkish state
	...

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