4.8 • 4.4K Ratings
🗓️ 6 December 2021
⏱️ 86 minutes
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We all know you can’t derive “ought” from “is.” But it’s equally clear that “is” — how the world actual works — is going to matter for “ought” — our moral choices in the world. And an important part of “is” is who we are as human beings. As products of a messy evolutionary history, we all have moral intuitions. What parts of the brain light up when we’re being consequentialist, or when we’re following rules? What is the relationship, if any, between those intuitions and a good moral philosophy? Joshua Greene is both a philosopher and a psychologist who studies what our intuitions are, and uses that to help illuminate what morality should be. He gives one of the best defenses of utilitarianism I’ve heard.
Bonus! Joshua is a co-founder of Giving Multiplier, an effective-altruism program that lets you donate to your personal favorite causes and also get matching donations to charities that have been judged to be especially effective. He was kind enough to set up a special URL for Mindscape listeners, where their donations will be matched at a higher rate of up to 100%. That lets you get matching donations when you donate to a personal favorite cause along with a charity that has been judged to be especially effective. Check out https://givingmultiplier.org/mindscape.
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Joshua Greene received his Ph.D. in philosophy from Princeton University. He is currently Professor of Psychology and a member of the Center for Brain Science faculty at Harvard University. His an originator of the dual-process model of moral reasoning. Among his awards are the the Stanton Prize from the Society for Philosophy and Psychology and Harvard’s Roslyn Abramson Award for teaching. He is the author of Moral Tribes: Emotion, Reason, and the Gap Between Us and Them.
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0:00.0 | Hello everyone and welcome to the Mindscape Podcast. |
0:03.7 | I'm your host, Sean Carroll. |
0:05.7 | So the trolley problem. |
0:07.8 | You know, I swear that just a few years ago the trolley problem was not of widespread |
0:13.3 | familiarity with people. |
0:14.6 | When I wrote the big picture, I explained the trolley problem and I thought that, you |
0:18.4 | know, some experts knew about it, but it wasn't a widespread cultural phenomenon, which |
0:23.2 | it appears to be today. |
0:25.0 | Maybe because of the good place that TV show, but I'm not sure. |
0:28.3 | Anyway, you know probably by now the basic setup, right? |
0:31.3 | You have a choice between letting a trolley kill five people by running away on the tracks |
0:36.8 | or by doing something, saving the five people, but one other person dies because of what |
0:42.6 | you did. |
0:43.6 | And there's different versions of the trolley problem where what you do is just flip a switch |
0:47.1 | and then one person dies on the tracks or you actually have to shove somebody in front |
0:51.3 | of the train. |
0:52.5 | And when you do psychological quizzes and you ask people about this, they will give different |
0:58.2 | answers on what the right thing to do is, depending on the specific action that is called |
1:02.8 | for, even if the outcomes are the same, which is very interesting. |
1:07.6 | So the point of the trolley problem, which was first proposed by philosopher Philip of |
1:11.5 | foot and then dubbed the trolley problem by Judith Jarvis Thompson, is to heighten our |
1:18.1 | clarity about the competition between two different ways of moral reasoning. |
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