I've ruled out uni because I want to live at home.

I've ruled out uni because I want to earn money.

I've ruled out uni because of my grades.

Study with the Open University and there's no need to rule out anything.

With our respected degrees, you can learn from home and work alongside study.

We're open to all. Plus, you'll have the support of expert tutors. So rethink your

future with the degree you didn't think was possible. The Open University. The future is open.

Joseph Foley, welcome back to the show. Thank you very much for having me. What is logic?

God, there's no foreplay today. Never. Never with us.

I suppose like many things in philosophy, it depends who you ask.

So as it's traditionally conceived, sort of going all the way back to Aristotle,

logic is supposed to be the most general principles of reasoning such that when you have a set of stuff you already know

or you're already asserting, you can through a series of indubitable steps get to a further

conclusion that follows without any doubt and without any possibility of being wrong from

those things you initially know. So, classic example

from Aristotelian logic is all men are mortal. Socrates is a man. Therefore, Socrates is mortal.

And effectively, you know, Aristotle's point here is that you can't even imagine that

being false. There's no situation where all of the premises are true

and the conclusion is false. So you are carried in some sense from the premises to the conclusion

without any kind of possibility for error entering it. And that's kind of the classic Aristotelian

picture. And amongst philosophers, this has

remained, I would say, relatively orthodox, right up until maybe the end of the 20th century.

...