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The Matt Walker Podcast

#110 - The Science Behind Wearable Sleep Monitoring

The Matt Walker Podcast

Dr. Matt Walker

Medicine, Science, Social Sciences, Health & Fitness

4.8995 Ratings

🗓️ 13 October 2025

⏱️ 62 minutes

🧾️ Download transcript

Summary

In this user's guide to sleep trackers, learn the science behind how they work using motion and optical sensors as Matt explains the key metrics of Sensitivity, Specificity, and Accuracy. Revealing why most trackers overestimate sleep by failing to detect wakefulness, he reveals the crucial difference between a device's flawed "absolute accuracy" and its more valuable "relative accuracy," which highlights the importance of tracking long-term trends over single-night scores. Matt goes on to ex...

Transcript

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0:00.0

Hi there, it's Matt here and welcome back to an episode I've had so, so many requests for,

0:10.4

basically a user's guide to sleep trackers. Today we're diving deep into how sleep trackers actually work,

0:19.5

what the science tells us about their accuracy, and which

0:23.7

devices seem to perform best, at least according to peer-reviewed research by independent

0:31.2

scientific groups. Something to say right up front. There are over a hundred different sleep trackers out there

0:39.9

based on a research search that I did. I wish I could cover all of them, but of course I'm

0:46.9

unable to do that. Instead, I've decided to focus on perhaps the top five or six sleep

0:53.1

trackers based on publicly available sales figures.

0:58.0

That said, this episode is as much about discussing different sleep trackers as it is for you

1:04.2

the consumer to really better understand in general how do they actually work, what you should

1:10.4

focus on when making your buying

1:12.7

choice, and what are they and what are they not good for?

1:17.9

Also, we're going to be examining, as I said, peer-reviewed studies.

1:21.7

These are studies that have been submitted to journals and other academics have reviewed.

1:26.0

The scientists work.

1:27.1

This is how we work in science.

1:29.4

And it's going to focus on those peer-reviewed independent scientific studies that compare

1:34.9

these devices, these sleep tracker devices, to gold standard sleep measurements, which is

1:41.3

polysumography sleep laboratory recordings. In other words, like my

1:46.1

center here at UC Berkeley, you have lots of electrodes all over your head, your face, your body,

1:51.2

you look like a spaghetti monster. That is the gold standard, and that's what we're going to be

1:56.1

comparing these devices to. And we're going to be looking at these independent research studies rather than

...

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